CardsplainThe fine print
happens in one go. The draw, the discard and the 1/1 Soldier all happen while the ability , and nobody can act in between. Great Gilded Boat recruits after attackers are declared, so its Soldier is not attacking. The Boat says "whenever you attack", so it recruits once per combat however many creatures attack, and it does that without being crewed.
Recruit on their turn. Sound the Trumpets is an that recruits if the spell it counters has 2 or less. While a card is on the as an , it has the Adventure's mana value, so countering Meager Meal () recruits. A card goes to the , not to , so its creature can't be cast later.
Your second card each turn. Cards are drawn one at a time, so a flashed-back Plunder the Trollshaws counts as two draws. On their turn, a Thrór's Map and then Plunder from your hand also make two.
Targets and choices. Crude Bent Blade targets the opponent, not a creature, and they choose what to as the ability resolves. Bilbo's Deadly Slice targets a creature, and so does Stir Up Trouble. If it's gone when the spell resolves, the spell does nothing, and the creature you sacrificed to cast Stir Up Trouble stays sacrificed.
Destroy, sacrifice, exile. "" means put into a graveyard from the battlefield, so a destroyed or sacrificed creature dies and its "when this dies" ability triggers. Exile isn't dying. Gnashing of Teeth's first mode and Head of the Hunt exile instead, so no "dies" ability happens.
Graveyard counts. Councillors counts each graveyard with seven or more cards, and each of its adds three. A flashed-back Plunder is exiled and a that dies leaves no card, so neither adds to the count.